Wednesday 16 December 2015

BBFC research

 Research the BBFC: what is the institution responsible for? How is it funded? What link does it have to government?
The BBFC is modified to show information, which is always written in short and briefly so its easier for people to understand. It also shows and outlines all the films that have been published. The director of the BBFC added on that their was a large increase in the amount of people that decided in their own favour to make new original films but on the other hand don't have the equipment to be able to do so he rating of the film depends on many things, because their are time where films are rated in groups but sometimes it is done individually which is also known as 'solo viewing A motion picture rating system is designated to classify films with regard to suitability for audiences in terms of issues such as sex, violence, substance abuse, profanity, impudence or other types of mature content. A particular issued rating can be called a certificationclassificationcertificate or rating. Ratings typically carry age recommendations in an advisory or restrictive capacity, and are often given in lieu of censorship. In some jurisdictions the legal obligation of administering the rating may be imposed on movie theatres.


 Read this BBFC section on controversial decisions. Why did The Dark Knight generate a large amount of media coverage regarding its certificate? Do you agree with the 12A certificate The Dark Knight was awarded?


The Dark Knight was rated 12A,  This is the case due to the violence generated in this film. 12A guidelines allow moderate violence as long as it can be justified by the context. However, many people thought that the dark knight should have been a 15 age rating 

 What are the guidelines for a 15 certificate?
it cant have strong violence but it could have mild violence which isn't so violent 
strong Language is permitted in a 15 certificate film 
 sexual activities can be shown but it has to be covered but not shown & also references to sex & Nudity
Drugs

Wednesday 2 December 2015

Art house research

Production: Independent film studios

1) Look back at the five films you have analysed for your existing product research. Find which studios made them – e.g. Film Four, Studio Canal, BFI, BBC Films etc.
  • FilmDistrict (presents)
  • Bold Films (in association with)
  • OddLot Entertainment (in association with)
  • Marc Platt Productions (as Marc Platt)
  • Motel Movies
  • Newbridge Film Capital
2) What other films do these studios produce? Can you find any any other independent, arthouse or low-budget examples?
Film district 
Walk of Shame (2014) ... Production Company
Pompeii (2014/I) ... Production Company (presents)
Wer (2013) ... Production Company
Insidious: Chapter 2 (2013) ... Production Company (presents)
Dead Man Down (2013) ... Production Company (presents)
3) Do the studios have any notable successes? What is the most successful low-budget or independent film the studio has released?
the most successful film that the company has produced is insidious which is a horror movie which is so successful that they made a squeal 

Distribution: Independent film distributors


Read the whole step-by-step guide (warning: this is LONG and will take you around an hour)
1) Summarise the 10 steps of film distribution in a list using your own words.

Introduction
This is where the audience is introduced to the storyline and try to comprehend what will happen throughout the film as it goes along.
1
Lord Puttnam on the role of distribution:
Puttnam's part of dissemination is about attempting to make the biggest measure of individuals to view it. In this manner, they attempt make the trailers a blurbs fascinating.
2
Distributors is very competitive business of dispatching diverse sorts of movies. However its truly hard so the distributes challenge is to:


  • identifying its audience
  • considering why they'd go and see it
  • estimating the revenue potential across all the formats of its release
  • persuading exhibitors (cinema operators) to play the film
  • developing plans and partnerships to build awareness of and interest in the film
  • aiming to convert as much interest as possible into cinema visits

3

The UK has six major distributors and also many independent distributors. And they manage anything that is created outside the major studios. 

4

UK distributors get their films using many different techniques for example;

  • a third-party sales agent, acting on behalf of a producer
  • a continuous flow of new content from a parent studio
  • a studio or production company with whom the distributor has negotiated an output deal covering a slate of titles
  • a single title acquired at any stage before, during or after production

5

Make a distribution deal

This is about specifying the rights they hold in respect of the title. These normally include the right to release it in UK cinemas and promote it in all media before and during its release.

6
Planning the release
A plan and an idea has to be created and prepared. 

7
  • How is the going to be released?
  • When is it coming out?
  • Where should it first be released?
  • What type of film is it?
8
  • Film Marketing 
  • There many different ways the film is marketed for example:
  •  Websites 
  •  Posters
  •  trailers
  • online advertising
  •  Promotions
9
  • Licensing films exhibitors 
  • This is about trying to see how much the audience enjoyed the film and trying to reach the planned target audience. 
  • Through Box office
  • Through print or technical manageme
3) Now research the distributors for each of the arthouse films you have analysed for your existing product research. Who distributed each film in the UK?
4) How many cinemas did each film open in?
Donnie Darko
Metrodome Distribution (2002) 
Metrodome Distribution (2004) 


Film Budget
$4,500,000 (estimated)
$728K(US)

Donnie Darko had firstly screened in the Sundance Film Festival

Girl-Hood
  • Film1 Spotlight (2015) (Netherlands) (TV) (limited)
  • Strand Releasing (2014) (USA) (theatrical)
  • Pyramide Distribution (2014) (France) (theatrical)
  • $4,500,000 (estimated) 
This Film was first screen played in VUE

drive
Icon Film Distribution (2014) (UK) (theatrical)
around 21 cinemas released in around the world

Film Budget
$2,000,000 (estimated film budget)
$10,100,000 (This was the budget for Worldwide)

It follows was screen in cinemas such as VUE

Eternal sunshine of the spotless mind

Momentum Pictures (2004)
around 20 cinemas released in around the world
Budget

Film Budget
$20,000,000 (estimated film budget)
$49MM(This was the worldwide budget)


External sunshine of the spotless mind was in VUE

5) How much money did each film make? Did it make a profit against the budget?
Donnie Darko - Metrodome Distribution 

Financial plan: $3.8 million 

Film industry: $7.6 million 

Benefit: Yes 

Childhood - Universal Pictures International (UPI) 

Financial plan: $4 million 

Film industry: $46.4 million 

Benefit: Yes 

Unceasing Sunshine of the Spotless Mind - Momentum Pictures 

Financial plan: $20 million 

Film industry: $72.3 million 

Benefit: Yes 

Girlhood - StudioCanal 

Financial plan: N/A 

Film industry: $1.7 million 

Benefit: N/A 

drive

Financial plan: $2.2 million 

Film industry: $26.6 million (North America) 

Benefit: Yes

 Ice and the Sky trailer:


This film trailer has allowed me to learn and use different types of sound effects that are non-diegetic, such as whooshes that add suspense and give an epic feeling that sutures the audience, as well as different formats of video such as for e.g. the 4:8 ratio, giving off the old, vintage conventions. The film has also noted to have great cinematography from different angles.

Mia Madre trailer:



  Mia Madre has exceptional cinematography too, especially the panning for a nice, subtle attention. Same as before with Ice and the Sky, non-diegetic sounds such as the muffled song in the background can help suture the audience and ultimately create an intentional emotion that is parallel to the clip.

Kiss of the Spider Woman trailer:

Like all of the previous cinematography shown in Mia Madre and Ice and the Sky, Kiss of the Spider Woman has exceptional use of it too. One thing to take note and definitely use in my film would be the slow panning on a clip of a character's facial expression, just to emphasize and add effect to it. Editing wise, cross fade transitions also allow for a nice effect, a sort of gloomy feeling that would maybe suitable for a memory or flashback.



 

Existing product research

from this clip, I understands this film is about how this individual called Donnie Darko and was out of reach from other individuals a critical measure of his life. As should act naturally apparent, there is a two way talk occasion between the crucial holy person and his expert or some person that he went to visit with; It displayed diverse straight cuts which happened into development evolving. Likewise, the camera-work displayed a 180 degree cut between the two characters which demonstrates that the two characters where bantering with each other. This isn't appeared as a perspective shot in light of the way that when every character is being appeared on the screen, it displays the are either looking to the next side or left of the camera which is depicting the 180 degree guideline. There was an expansive arrangement of medium close ups on the male character which to the get-together of people shows that he's the vital legend as he is doing the most talking and the gathering see him more in this concentrate. There different shots besides recommended that it was a shot/chat shot as it was between the two legends and it was doing a reversal and forward between them.


This motion picture is around an anonymous Hollywood stunt entertainer who by night is a getaway driver for heists. It's viewed as a neo-noir arthouse wrongdoing film taking into account a novel. It is appraised R for solid severe roughness, dialect and some naked moment. Because of this I think the gathering of people for this motion picture was particularly grown-ups as it had a numerous layers of both dramatization, sentiment, and activity. It was likewise set in a reasonable setting and area and indicated crude passionate emotions through the film which sutured the group of onlookers and made them identify with the account


This scene really plays the audience's mind as we believe that we see a woman perfectly having an ordinary conversation with her friend only to discover she isn't real. Perhaps, she has passed away or has moved on and the main character can't get over her. I can suggest this because he still thinks about her and talks in a public place  to 'her' when in fact she isn't with him. It seems she is his entertainment on the side as he is already in a relationship and we know this because of the dialogue. The dialogue makes the audience wonder who she is and why men want her so much. She says, 'too many guys think I'm a concept or I complete them or I'm going to make them alive'. This suggests she either has gone through many relationships or what I believe the most is she destroy's couples by getting together with married men.

The camera work is very unusual because the camera constantly shakes throughout the scene. I believe a handheld camera is used which would entice the audience into the story a lot more due to the more natural and realistic movement. It's as if we are there watching them talking we would keep the audience interested in the story. Also, some of the shots are taken from behind the book shelves which is one of the ways the audience will be engaged with the scene because we don't want to miss any of the character's movement. In addition, the scene uses the tracking shot to keep up the characters who move from the different aisle. The editing used is simple and allows the audience to follow the story easily. Straight cuts are used which work well with this scene because it is slow paced and they are in a library which signifies quietness peace - related to slow pace.




This movie utilizes lots of unique editing skills to appeal to its target audience. Firstly, at the beginning of the clip we see a man with a torch walking down a dark car park. This is really effective because its mysterious and it leaves the audience clueless. Furthermore, the colour scheme of this clip fits perfectly to the film genre as well as the dialogue of "i'll follow you" which is rather scary. In the background we can hear their footsteps as the wind passes by, this indicates that the places is abandoned, which fits best for a mystery film This movie follows the genre of Horror, mystery and Thriller. This movie is mainly about a nineteen year old girl who should be about school, boys and week-ends at the lake. But then everything is corrupted after her innocent sexual encounter. Later, she finds herself plagued by strange visions and the inescapable sense that someone, something, is following her, she experiences great fear and regret. Faced with burden, Jay and her friends must find a way to escape from the horrors.



 The movie is heavily influenced and based on martial arts. It also involves a lot of drama and some romance 
which means that this could also be aimed for an adult audience.The scene uses a variety of stunning visuals and cinematography but more importantly sound to portray the fight to the audience. While it does use several very exciting visuals to show the depth and intensity of the fight, what's more fantastic is the use of the sound, the diegetic sound played by the old man is contrapuntal yet strangely parallel to the fight. A variety of all these helps to show to the audience that this wasn't just about a fight scene but rather was much more idealistic and had a lot more emotion than just your average action fight scene.


Wednesday 25 November 2015

Ideas for the production

group members i'm not to sure about yet.

urban life
I choose this because of the fact i would find this the easiest and also i could feel like i could relate to the genre the most

Plot 

The film could be based around a compelling variant of gang violence where whoever is challenged wouldn't normally do. furthermore, i would feel as if the main protagonist was innocent at the start of the film but then gets bullied and peer pressured into becoming a violent person at the end of the film where the hood has changed and consumed him into a dangerous lifestyle and we get to see his life and how he has become like the person that he was so different to. 

Friday 20 November 2015

evaluation




As to criteria, dialog clearly didn't have anything particular to be pointed towards, so the script was a simple region to take a shot at. However the shotlist and storyboard came in more valuable as it composed and break every scene into point by point fragments. My part in the gathering was to draw and make the story board and to likewise film and direct the creation. Our qualities in our film I believe was the lighting utilizing an obscurely lit space for an outline impact was extremely traditional and fitting for a secretive cross examiner. All the more advantageously was additionally the very much ventilated territory, permitting no static or some other unsettling influences of sounds that a mouthpiece can without much of a stretch get. Shots astute, we thought of various distinctive camera points, from side, to front, to back. We likewise utilized an over-the-shoulder shot which permitted us to do heaps of reverse shots from distinctive edges. Altering insightful, non-diegtic hints of a to some degree upbeat music that you wouldn't regularly relate in a cross examination film was utilized, just to make a juxtaposition, a sudden solid differentiation as a grab cross examination is most likely not what the gathering of people were anticipating, 

The lighting itself was originating from underneath which permitted us to have a darker feel to the scene but also keeping the scene and the character visible. I additionally trust that we had a decent utilization of cinematography, as I think we utilized both the panning exceptionally well.  Additionally, we utilized an extensive variety of close medium shots when the villain was walking behind the victim. There was an assortment of enigma codes such as who are these people and why do they want this person?

Wednesday 18 November 2015

media production


learner response



The way that sound aides makes the state of mind of this having so as to open scene is some diegetic sounds. the way this makes a lot of pressure is the utilization of weapon shots, due to the negative intentions of firearms, which connection to death. in listening to that makes a riddle code . the conundrum code would be, what happened due to the sound scaffold where we don't really see what happened.
on the other hand, there was likewise a non-diegetic sounds with the utilization of the sound track. the motivation behind why this makes tension is on account of the sound track is connected with the savagery that is on the screen. at the point when the rhythm increments when the cigar touches the gas that makes furthermore adds to the dramatizations of the circumstance. some other time this has happened is the point at which the building blasts and the rhythm and the sound expands so that raises the crowds mindfulness so they could take in whatever remains of the film.

Wednesday 11 November 2015

planning

storyboard of our production 




Shot list

·     -   Medium-long shot from behind of laboratory worker walking
·       - Close-up of peaking kidnapper’s face
·        -Reverse shot, medium shot of laboratory worker walking, again
·        -Medium-close up, camera in front of worker’s face, tracking shot
·        -Low-angled-long shot on kidnapper dragging the worker’s body

·        -Sudden close-up of kidnapped person in a dark room   
      -POV shot of kidnapped person

script of our production

1. in the far corridor lies a dormant science technician,(John to be exact) who as he is walking along the corridor notices something very suspicious in a dark room.
(John pauses turns to enter the interrogation room)

2. (In interrogation room/ unknown classroom)
 Enters character 2 (second in command concerning interrogation) who then grabs John and places him on the chair in a dramatic way.
At first John is bewildered as it may seem on the contrary how a regular science teacher can be caught up in such an unknown and confusing situation.
3. Character 3- (main interrogator character enters from the dark corner)

He then begins to question how much John knows about his family, and talks about how John’s uncle and aunty live a bonnie/Clyde styled life and are international criminals.
  4. (John stands up dramatically, with a bewildered face)
 John begins to express how he has no idea about any family situations involving crime, but the main interrogator does not believe him


John then sits down, knowing he is caught in a mess which he will soon due to regret!

Wednesday 4 November 2015

media awards

In this blog post i will be analysing the previous year 12 and their productions that we have seen in media awards. For this task i'm going to be picking my two favourate productions and highlighting key media techniques that i have learnt from the start of the A level media course.

Firstly, one of my favourate year 12 productions was The Experiment one of the key things i was captivated about when i was watching this production is the use of mise-en-scene visually the shots was amazing.  The visuals and also the narrative sutures the audience into watching more. in this short clip we could get a real sense of what is going due to the effectiveness of this opening scene.
With respect to the Mise-en-scene all through the clip the account is always accentuated to the crowd which keeps them drew in and keen on the clasp. In any case, underneath I will separate it into the diverse components of Mise-en-scene.
As far as ensemble all through the clip, the hero is persistently shot wearing the same outfit. This highlights the distinction in the young lady's life before she began running from the earth she once used to call home. This makes the crowd identify with her lamentable circumstance as it connects the groups of onlookers passionate side.
The clip passes on the story well through the outward appearances of the performing artists/on-screen characters. The hero observes of stress and pain all over which draws in the group of onlookers sincerely into the account. This is on the grounds that they are prone to feel thoughtful and feel like they need to help the young lady.
In the wake of watching the clip, I saw that lighting for most of the clip was faintly lit. The bit of the clip that varies is the flashback. This makes an in number differentiation between the two unique existences of the young lady.
At the point when Mise-en-scene is abridged to CLAMPS, Subsequently, for this clip; we don't really see any individual who is wearing make up in the greater part.
The settings that substitute between the demolished house and the betrayed woods underline the story to the crowd about dejection and devastation of the young lady's life.
Cinematography
As far as Cinematography a great deal of brilliant procedures were utilized as a part of both the camera development and the camera encircling.  The way that the group of onlookers stays oblivious about the personality of that individual proposes that they are the opponent. This is on the grounds that scoundrels in film concentrates don't typically demonstrate to themselves straight away at any rate not until the hero goes searching for them. The utilization of this nearby up attracts the gatherings of people consideration regarding the guide which makes questions for the group of onlookers known as enigma codes. "why is she running and who is she running from?"
At that point, as far as camera development, the first sort of development I spotted was a following shot. This implies the camera kept running along pre laid tracks for the reasons of catching a particular bit of activity. In connection to the clip, the following shot is utilized when the hero is going through the betrayed woods. The utilization of the following shot makes the gathering of people feel like they are running with her, which implies they are sutured into the story. I likewise distinguished a little arrangement of perspective shots (POV). These permit the crowd to further relate to the characters, which now they have a sense of identification with the protagonist. There are additionally a couple close up shots
Sound
The distinctive sorts of sound utilized shift of a tone throughout  The Experiment production.
The utilization of a radio sound instantly assists us with associating the class of this account.
I distinguished non-diegetic sound when the music is played out of sight of the clip; this startles the gathering of people and makes a strained and unsettled environment. The production of the unsettled climate helps the gathering of people with the distinguishing proof of the diverse characters inside of the clip in spite of the fact that we truly just see the personality of the hero instead of the adversary. There was likewise an utilization of diegetic sound; this is the point at which the flashback is appeared. The utilization of the diegetic sound here assists the gathering of people with understanding the significance of the recollections to a young lady who needs to spend her life on the run. This is likewise a region where the gathering of people are locked in enthusiastic in light of the fact that it makes them understand how significance recollections are and how vital life is when all is said in done, gains them esteem their experiences and life more.
Altering
At long last, as far as the altering most of the clip was comprised of straight cuts and progression altering. Straight cuts are so normal the gathering of people does not tend to notice them and coherence altering is when shots are set coherently so that one occasion takes after on from the following.


secondly, the other year 12 production I really liked was "Labrat" as my second most favourite film from the Year 12 creations. This additionally helps conceivably building up this creation as being in the dramatization kind, with its somewhat more darker feelings as can be deduced from him in his voiceover. Joined by this voiceover is a soundtrack that every once in a while with its piano keys, acts a sound extension to diverse scenes in the clip. The mix of these two make a grave point of view toward the film and this likewise adds to the gathering of people being sutured into the predicament of the character, thus build up an individual relationship for him as depicted by Blumer and Katz. From a cinematography point of view, a variety of shot sorts are utilized here correspondingly to the video broke down some time recently. An occurrence of this is the nearby up shot of the fundamental hero tapping his fingers on the table. Despite the fact that there's not a face unmistakable in this shot to all the more effectively distinguish what the character may be feeling inwardly, the tapping of the fingers indicate that he is disappointed with the circumstance that he is presently in and is simply searching for a just about a feeling of shelter from it all. This utilization of distinctive shots is additionally appeared as the character prepares up to work in the lab with the huge close-up shot of him fixing his zip and the medium close-up of him putting on his laboratory garment on. This very nearly, montage sort of altering in this scene, records considerably all the more so amid the title succession, helps showcase what precisely the hero is enthusiastic about doing thus drenches the viewers as they are much further sutured into the accounts that the protagonist is facing.

Wednesday 14 October 2015

cinematography


In this opening scene the frame is an establishing shot which we could easily understand where the location is of the movie is going to be set in. the Mise-en-scene is that is set in america where it is economically changing. their conditions that the live in is that the may grow up in a ghetto area. what we see in this scene is that we can see boys on motorbikes riding down the road recklessly. this shot is a continuation which they track the boys on motorbikes towards the protagonist  due to the  fact that we are enlightened in the fact that we enter into the persons home. 

the camera movement is tracking shot where they follow the youths on bikes towards the protagonists house. 

Wednesday 7 October 2015

Presentaion LR


www: in my presentation there was a clear difference in the parallel and contrapuntal images. in enables us to have a clear understanding of the difference in the two slides. the song choice was good because it was only parallel to one of the slides. the song I choose was John Legend- All of me which is a love song  that connotes romance. Furthermore,I explained the reasons why I used the images also I gave reference to the song. In my presentation I used pictures of movie clips in stead of the emotions of different images
EBI: The thinks i could improve on is if I sorted out how the  pictures was going to be arranged without leaving any blank spaces. To do this I may have needed to add more pictures so that it could have filled a bigger space. if I practised i could have been able to go into more detail.
My personal top 3 are; Abayomi, mamduh and Amrit

Thursday 1 October 2015

sound


In this scene the sound is diegetic with the security opening the door. the use of dialog enforces that the guards have authority and illustrates that the situation they are in is very serious. the phrase "We will shoot!" supports this. the diegetic sound of objects moving is mysterious, suddenly a non diegetic sounds of time slowing down and the sounds have been reduced in speed with multiple guns being fired. furthermore, the contrapuntal music is being played whilst the guns are being shot towards the protagonists and time is slowed down but in contrast the character's superpower is that he is lightening quick so in the story time is meant to go normally but the person is running so fast that he seems to make reality slow. the contrapuntal music is a slow tempo love song but you wouldn't link it with a fight scene. this creates humour because it play tricks with the audiences minds. it almost seems like it is effortless with the music in the background, once he has obscured all the danger the non diegetic sounds stop and the diegetic sounds of the bullets hitting the wall and all the grunts and moans from the security being affect by what this person has done. 

Friday 25 September 2015

mise-en-scene

Mise-en-scene














In this image show a male and female looking serious wondering into the distance. Behind the characters we can see an iconic famous bridge in San Francisco. The props used in this image are guns, this sets the tone that it is an action movie. Additionally, the use of the prop the glasses could suggest that he is a mysterious character.

The lighting image is a clear image. Furthermore, has light in the background which is not shinning on their face which makes themselves darker and also makes the picture more ominous.  The costumes that the characters are wearing are all black. In this image the man is heavily wearing make up as if making it seems that his face is cut with deep holes and seems to look as if there is something abnormal about this character. In this image the two characters are in the centre of the image looking away from the camera. 



















This movie trailer shows that its a sci-fi movie. we can see that they have landed on a planet that is full of water from this they are going to explore this planet.we could identify this which the costumes are astronaut attire. furthermore in this clip it seems to show a big object in the background but in fact it was giant wave going towards them.




in this movie clip shows two spies that infiltrated an enemy base where they have been spotted and now having to escape. the props that are used is guns this highlights that it is a typical spy movie with the iconography of the use of guns. furthermore once they have escaped the building they have to escape by boat with the henchmen chasing them.  

in this movie clip this shows people talking in cars then we see an establishing shot where we see the plane door opening. some of the cars reverse apart from one, but in the end the last car gets force out because of his parachute.





Friday 18 September 2015

Media language

Media

Film language

I'm not scared- movie poster


The central image of this poster is of a young boy looking down into an hole with a medium close up with a worried expression on his face. This movie Genre could be an adventure movie, where a boy finds a hole in the ground and he is peer pressured into going into the hole. the target audience could be 12-18 year old.


Pirates of the Caribbean- movie poster


based on the poster it looks like a pirate movie because it has a pirate ship in the central image. The used of the three characters at the top shows that they are important and you can tell it is set in the past because of the use props of the olden style gun.


Million Dollar Baby- movie poster


Million Dollar Baby movie genre looks like it could be an action adventure and thriller. You can tell it could be and action movie because the central image of an woman that has her back turned also she looks muscular so that could mean that she is the dominate and powerful one throughout the movie. This movie could be about a fighter and the two men are her trainers.


Sin City


This film looks like a crime thriller and action the use of the props, the guns could suggest that there is going to be a lot of violence and crime throughout the movie. This movie looks dark and also very mysterious

bride and prejudice

in this film poster looks like a Bollywood drama the use of the cultural images of the poster highlights this in addition this looks like a romantic comedy just from the tag line "spectacular, romantic, funny and so sexy"  another way it hints this is the way that the character facial expressions and body language.

blade runner

this looks like a sci-fi this is show to us by the props of the use of the futurist gun which is way before the time. also we can see it is a sci-fi movie is because of the hovering car in the centre of the image we can see that the two character are going to play a major role in the movie. the women looks like she is a femme fatale you can tell this because of the vice that she is smoking.

scary movie 2

in this film poster it is highlighted that this movie is mocking other scary movies. this genre would be a horror comedy. the tag line "hilariously funny" shows us this. the costume in the poster "i love dead people" is mocking the actual version of a famous scary movie when a character says "i see dead people."